Metal rolling bearing is mainly used in the following three parts: spindle, ball screw and general drive shaft. This is an important part of three-dimensional stone carving machine.

主軸軸承作為機(jī)床的基礎(chǔ)配套件，其性能直接影響到機(jī)床的轉(zhuǎn)速、回轉(zhuǎn)精度、剛性、抗顫振動(dòng)切削性能、噪聲、溫升及熱變形等，進(jìn)而影響到加工零件的精度、表面質(zhì)量等。因此，高性能的機(jī)床必須配用高性能的軸承。

As the basic assembly of machine tool, the performance of spindle bearing directly affects the speed, rotation accuracy, rigidity, anti vibration cutting performance, noise, temperature rise and thermal deformation of machine tool, and then affects the precision and surface quality of machined parts. Therefore, high performance machine tools must be equipped with high-performance bearings.

滾動(dòng)軸承的精度一般分為P0、P6、P5、P4和P2五個(gè)等級(jí)，用于精密機(jī)床主軸上的軸承精度應(yīng)為P5及其以上級(jí)，而對(duì)于數(shù)控機(jī)床、加工等高速、高精密機(jī)床的主軸支承，則需選用P4及其以上級(jí)超精密軸承。

The accuracy of rolling bearings is generally divided into five grades: P0, P6, P5, P4 and P2. The bearing accuracy used in the spindle of precision machine tools should be P5 and above. For the spindle support of high-speed and high-precision machine tools such as CNC machine tools and machining centers, P4 and its superior super precision bearings should be selected.

機(jī)床用主軸軸承通常包括深溝球軸承、角接觸球軸承、圓柱滾子軸承、雙向推力角接觸球軸承、圓錐滾子軸承和推力軸承等六種結(jié)構(gòu)類型。

Spindle bearings for machine tools usually include deep groove ball bearing, angular contact ball bearing, cylindrical roller bearing, bidirectional thrust angular contact ball bearing, tapered roller bearing and thrust bearing.

隨著數(shù)控技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展，“復(fù)合、高速、智能、精密、”已成為當(dāng)今機(jī)床工業(yè)技術(shù)發(fā)展的主要趨勢(shì)。其中，高速加工可以有效地提高機(jī)床的加工效率、縮短工件的加工周期。這就要求機(jī)床主軸及其相關(guān)部件要適應(yīng)高速加工的需求。目前，數(shù)控機(jī)床主軸軸承基本上限定在角接觸球軸承、圓柱滾子軸承、雙向推力角接觸球軸承和圓錐滾子軸承等四種結(jié)構(gòu)類型。

With the rapid development of numerical control technology, "compound, high-speed, intelligent, precision, environmental protection" has become the main trend of the development of machine tool industry technology. Among them, high-speed machining can effectively improve the machining efficiency of the machine tool and shorten the processing cycle of the workpiece. This requires the machine tool spindle and its related parts to adapt to the needs of high-speed machining. At present, CNC machine tool spindle bearings are basically limited to four types of structure: angular contact ball bearing, cylindrical roller bearing, bidirectional thrust angular contact ball bearing and tapered roller bearing.

伴隨著數(shù)控機(jī)床主軸向高速化發(fā)展，陶瓷材料(主要指Si3N4工程陶瓷)因具有密度小、彈性模量高、熱膨脹系數(shù)小、耐磨、耐高溫、耐腐蝕等優(yōu)良性能，從而成為制造高速精密軸承的理想材料。陶瓷軸承得到越來(lái)越廣泛的應(yīng)用，鑒于陶瓷材料的難加工性，精密陶瓷軸承多為滾動(dòng)體是陶瓷、內(nèi)外套圈仍由鉻鋼制造的混合陶瓷球軸承。

With the rapid development of CNC machine tool spindle, ceramic material (mainly refers to Si3N4 engineering ceramics) has become an ideal material for manufacturing high-speed precision bearings because of its low density, high elastic modulus, small thermal expansion coefficient, wear resistance, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and other excellent properties. Ceramic bearings have been widely used. In view of the difficult machining of ceramic materials, the precision ceramic bearings are mostly rolling elements, which are hybrid ceramic ball bearings with ceramic and inner and outer rings still made of chromium steel.

滾珠絲杠副作為精密、、靈敏的傳動(dòng)元件，除了應(yīng)采用高精度的絲杠、螺母和滾珠外，還應(yīng)注意選用軸向剛度高、摩擦力矩小、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)精度高的軸承。滾珠絲杠支承過(guò)去常用雙向推力角接觸球軸承、圓錐滾子軸承、滾針和推力滾子組合軸承、深溝球軸承和推力球軸承等。目前，滾珠絲杠支承采用更多的是60°接觸角的單列推力角接觸球軸承，而且，精度等級(jí)也是以P4及其以上級(jí)為主。機(jī)床用裝于一般傳動(dòng)軸上的滾動(dòng)軸承，其要求和選用與普通機(jī)械傳動(dòng)軸承相同，只需滿足強(qiáng)度和壽命要求，轉(zhuǎn)速不超過(guò)所規(guī)定的軸承極限轉(zhuǎn)速即可。

As a precise, efficient and sensitive transmission element, ball screw should not only adopt high-precision screw, nut and ball, but also select the bearing with high axial stiffness, small friction torque and high running accuracy. In the past, ball screw bearings were used to support two-way thrust angular contact ball bearings, tapered roller bearings, needle and thrust roller combined bearings, deep groove ball bearings and thrust ball bearings. At present, the single row thrust angular contact ball bearing with 60 ° contact angle is the most widely used ball screw support, and the accuracy grade is mainly P4 or above. The rolling bearing installed on the general transmission shaft of machine tool has the same requirements and selection as the ordinary mechanical transmission bearing. It only needs to meet the strength and life requirements, and the speed should not exceed the specified limit speed of the bearing.

立體石材雕刻機(jī)中，在通常情況下，我們所提到的機(jī)床滾動(dòng)軸承是指機(jī)床主軸軸承以及滾珠絲杠軸承，精密機(jī)床軸承則是指精度為P5及其P5以上級(jí)的主軸軸承和絲杠軸承。

In three-dimensional stone engraving machine, under normal circumstances, the rolling bearing of machine tool refers to the spindle bearing and ball screw bearing of machine tool, while the bearing of precision machine tool refers to the spindle bearing and screw bearing whose accuracy is higher than P5 and P5.